



Second part of todayś discussion: physical geography of the city and the train wreck that is its water management.
So for those of you who don´t know anything about Mexico Cityś history, I will give you Catś cut: About a bazillion years ago, there was a system of several endorheic (they don´t drain anywhere: they are in a basin with no outlet) lakes where the city (shaped just like a pear, by the way) is now. During the rainy season they overflowed their banks and became one lake. There were little mini-civilizations set up all around the edges of this system of lakes, notably Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Texcoco, Cuautitlan and Teotihuacan. These city-states did all the normal things: trade, hang out, try to kill each other. Pretty standard. And in the 1300s, a bunch of Mexica folks from down south showed up looking for a new place to set up shop (interestingly, these people were never called Aztecs, but they always said they came from Aztlán, and though nobody really knows where that is, exactly, somehow folks took to calling them Aztecs instead of Mexica). The lake-dwellerś neighborhood association nixed the possibility of making space on the lakeś banks, but okayed the Mexicaś occupation of the island in the middle. This was a pretty lucky move, as they were looking for a sign (the gods were like, get going, and settle when you get a sign; the mexica were like, okay, what kind of sign, and the gods just sort of shrugged and said, you know, any old sign...), and when they canoed out to the island (they had all gone to boy scout camp) they found an eagle perched on a nopal cactus noshing on a snake, and apparently that was sign enough for them. Problem: how to support a bunch of people on very little land: build chinampas! Chinampas are ingenious. You build a raft, tether it to the shore, pile on some potting soil and start growing crops. Itś the best auto-irrigation you could hope for. Permanent wilting point, my patootie, this soil never drops below field capacity! In this manner they were able to expand their territory, which by this time went by the title Tenochtitlán (which is Nahuatl for: place where thereś a bunch of tasty cactus), and feed everyone on it. They did the trade thing, yadda yadda yadda. They even built a giant levee to prevent saltwater intrusion, which was important during the rainy season because a couple of the constituent lakes were brackish. So basically they were a bunch of agronomic badasses. Then the Spanish show up and wreck the party. They burn, break, convert, and enslave everything in sight, and build a euro-style city on top of Tenochtitlán. Deep breath. As they continue to expand the city outward, they come to realize that with the drainage basin all covered with cobbles the water has no access to the soil and so instead goes ahead and floods the streets. After two or three disastrous floods in the 17th century, the Spaniards have had enough of this. But do they choose a better place to put the capital of Novohispana? Lord no! They drain the lake. Really, guys? Okay, whatever. So what it comes down to is that today, this very heavy city is sitting on top of these drained soils, which like Sacramento Valley floodplain soils, shrinks every year for lack of water. In the Central Valley itś an issue of oxidation of organic matter--and thereby the net loss of mass via volatilization... here Iḿ not totally sure of the soil type (people keep telling me --itś like a sponge!-- which to me implies a simple compaction , a change in bulk-density, but itś not like theyŕe soil people [help me, Dr Singer!!]). Whatever. So, the city is rapidly losing groundwater, which means that though there is all this crazy water that falls from the sky, none of it is going through soil-filtration and instead is pipelined out of the Valley of Mexico and out into the boonies where it can erode, rape and pillage all it likes: without becoming potable water. So while the city has this enormous and complicated (seriously: network of underground pipes a few meters in diameter designed specifically to drain the cityś foundation) get-rid-of-the-water system, itś now discovering that itś running out of potable water because it isn´t infiltrating into the soil. So we get a city that sinks on average 30 cm a year (some parts more than others-- thereś a cathedral downtown plus the big marble Palacio de las Bellas Artes building that are sinking faster than the areas around them...) and will likely crush the very pipes that allow them to sink.
Oh, but life is funny.
To tie it all up with some bike business and an inspirational piece of graffitti...

1. Weird bike No. 1: Tell me what this is for and Iĺl give you a cookie.
2. Weird bike No. 2 gets credit for being the first bike I rode this trip: it has this crazy sidecar that I very much admire, though it causes one, when not loaded, to feel as if it will flip, particularly on cobbled plazas. But the guy who owns it, Jose Luis, was nice and let me ride it around. He made the sidecar himself. He was a chavo of no more than 18 years of age, selling fruit in front of the Bosque de Chapultepec. It´s also one of those bikes with two top-tubes and solid brakelines (ie no cables), which function by pushing the pads upward onto the bottom of a very shallow wheel rim. It´s an odd but cool system, perfect for Mexico, because corrosion isn´t an issue for them, and they can´t snap like cables. Pictures uploaded! See above.
And here´s the grand finale, my favorite stencil so far, right in my own neighborhood:

4 comments:
peddle powered transportation with extra seat on top tube and handy knife sharpener on the back.
wow you edify me! :D
They got a bike shop of their very own? I heart your soil history.
For real, don't you just want to design guerrilla groundwater infiltration systems for the city? No votes! Cava para infiltrar! (warning: spanglish) I wonder if someone is already doing so...
babysitting by bike. A soft space in front for a kiddo, and a tow rope in the back for a stroller or trailer. Plus, bags on the side for cabbage patch kids or infants!
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